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#fermentation

Every article tagged “fermentation”.

2 articles

The insulin in that pen was made by microbes that were handed a human gene

Biotechnology

The insulin in that pen was made by microbes that were handed a human gene

1 Sept 2026 · 8 min read

Until 1982 insulin came from slaughtered pigs and cattle. Today it is brewed by bacteria or yeast carrying a synthetic human gene — and the fermentation is the easy part. What happens after it is the reason a protein drug costs what it does.

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How food preservation actually works

Food Technology

How food preservation actually works

1 Aug 2026 · 6 min read

Every method of preserving food is doing one of three things: killing microorganisms, denying them the conditions they need, or slowing the chemistry of the food itself. Here is how each method works and what it costs.

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