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Some electronics fail because metal grew inside them. Seventy years on, nobody fully knows why

Electronics

Some electronics fail because metal grew inside them. Seventy years on, nobody fully knows why

22 Sept 2026 · 11 min read

Solid metal at room temperature is not static. Tin extrudes single-crystal filaments that short circuits years later, current pushes aluminium atoms down a wire until it breaks, and humidity grows conductive branches across a gap. All three are the same idea: conductors slowly rearranging themselves.

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